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The difference is, that you expect a lot more from your human figures than from your animal figures, because you know them much better. 

You are more familiar with details, so it is harder to abstract from them. If your drawing of a frog makes the audience clearly recognize some sort of a frog, then that is satisfactory. With a human, you know how to distinguish a specific gender, a body type, an action, a gesture, individual traits, specific anatomical properties and functions, down to the level of micro-expressions. And because you intimately know those distinctions, it is far harder to abstract from all of them to simplify into geometric shapes.

If you want more "flow" in that regards, you don't have to just "practice" perfectly combining precision and expression, you also and foremost have to start negotiating with your own sense of taste, how much precision you are willing to sacrifice for the sake of expression. 
Like in, really experimenting with pushing the boundaries, by drawing in a way that leads to unpleasant results, because it feels like cheating or overly simplistic. That way you get both a sense of how far you are willing to go into one direction, and what the aesthetic costs are of going into that direction as far as you can bear.

I had the experience of trying to follow some very gesture centric artist's tutorial. At first I thought, that I did not understand their ideas. But when I looked closer and tried to match stroke for stroke how they approached a specific reference, I became aware, that my problem was not so much a lack of skill, but a lack of willingness to sacrifice the amount of detail, they gleefully ignored. 
They are clearly proficient artists, but I rather stick to my specific "stiffness" than to adopt the amount of generic typification they produce, because I am still in love with these details, and with observing, examining, and portraying them.

What you did followed a clear idea, and you worked diligently enough to not distract from the idea. You traced the shape of the model with clean simple lines, adding contour lines to indicate volume. You abstracted a lot of details, like the specific clothes, the minute curvatures produced by fat tissues and muscles, and the lighting in the reference, to produce an abstract grid. Even if you wouldn't have underlayed it with the photograph, the grid you developed would give a very exact impression of one way a human body can relax, while laying back in a lazy or contemplative mood on a chair.

This is certainly a very valid way to simplify the reference you worked from.

I can't tell you whether you "nailed" it, as I am not entirely certain, whether you have a specific goal in mind going forward, but doing this exercise must have deepened your understanding about the human body. I have my own specific taste in how to develop a figure, and I watched and read enough explanations from other artists about their methods, so I could try to compare your approach to the reference to the way someone else might do it. I am just not certain, whether that would help or hinder you on your path.

TL;DR I find your result beautiful.

OK, first of all, content warning: wild speculation from some old dude on the interwebs, who so far earned less than 50 bucks in total by selling his own art.

Now, after that is out of the way, let's talk about things I heard from other people, that sounded convincing to me, and that I long decided to start with soon, but keep pushing away. When you say figure/gesture drawings I assume you are mostly talking about drawing from reference. Which is a good starting point, but if you want to be able to get towards most of the stuff, that you are talking about, you need to develop further into drawing from imagination.

That might sound strange, because isn't that what you did anyways, before you started drawing from reference(?), and no, it isn't exactly the same. The difference is, that you have to learn to draw from imagination at the same level of precision, as if you would be drawing from reference. The way to get there, is to first learn how to modify the images you drew from reference. So, you learned all about gesture, and the way the human body is constructed, and you can prove it by really nicely copying this photo? Level up, try again, but this time from a different point of view. The model on the reference is from side view, how would it look in the same pose in 3/4 view, in front view, in back view, drawn from above? To do that, you really need to up your construction game. That hip is here, that chest is there, so if I turn them by x degree, they would be....?

A different modification, OK, this model has their arms raised, how closely can you picture the same model, but with lowered arms? How much would that impact shoulders, muscles, would it have influence on the torso?

Or, same model, same pose, but now the light is from a different direction.

If you can freely rotate and modify your models, then you are at a stage, where you can react to someone handing you a photo and telling you: I want you to draw this guy, but jumping like a frog. I want you to draw that gal, but beating up a boxsack.

Which, I would imagine would be a lot of the actual job descriptions you might professionally get. Unless you approach the job from the other side, and want to become the person who tells other people to draw that guy, but jumping like a frog, but then you have to learn the fine art of storytelling, how to write a scene, how to structure a scene, what makes a good narrative, etc, and then you will probably get better advice on other sites.

To me, the biggest hurdle is to go back to the beginner stage, and start to focus on structure, structure, structure. Instead of practicing to draw as pretty as I can, really trying to use 3-d shapes, that are simple enough for me to rotate. like boxes, tubes, and the occassional sphere, and reconstructing all references with that stuff. then trying out if i can turn them around.

Maaaaybe you knew all of that already, then I have to ask for your forgiveness for blathering. About actual art careers, I can't seriously answer you any questions, as I have less of one than you at this point.

OK, to respond to popular demand, let's describe a practical example. Today nothing came up, so I don't have a scan to illustrate. For example: in principle I am doing a series of gesture study. A model comes up, I find her smile really intriguing, it captures my attention. In principle a facial expression isn't part of a gesture study, but it is what caught my eyes. I see, that the way she holds her head frames her expression in an interesting way, so I definitely want to show her head, neck and shoulders. Her hands seem also important. Her legs on the other side, yes, they are there, and she is a model, so they aren't ugly per se, but they don't do a lot for me that supports her smile, and I just don't extend the drawing beyond her waist and focus on just her head and upper toso instead.

Deciding not to include her hips and legs off course is already a massive simplification of the drawing, but it isn't deducted from general principle, but from following my own sense of beauty. Someone else, or even me on an other day, may have decided to only draw her feet, and it also would be a valid decision. The various technical drills we are practicing also introduce us to more things to spot, and to better understand what we are seeing.

Maybe the long curving line from her neck along her torso along the hip towards her knee might be something that catches my eyes on another day. The interesting way she twists her shoulders against her hips, etcetera, and the longer I spend on the drawing, the more I will try to include those details, too. In a 30 second sketch, I have to decide for one of the possibilities, and focus on that, and when I continue the drawing, that first impression generally should stay my guide, .... unless I realize during drawing, that a switch in focus would really enhance the result. But that is in practice the rare occassion, and I trained my habit to stick with the first impression long enough to generally trust my brush to find the right path over the paper on its own.

Just in case this helps anyone understand better what I want to say, this is my 30 minutes session from today: I think I found OK lines, but as I am currently between two shifts, have been distracted a lot, and barely managed to get in minimum practice, I did not expect top quality from me.

Maybe another illustration: this should be a link to my sketchbook for winter 2019/2020. By that time I barely knew anything about technique, I think I finished the major drawabox lessons with the homework. I watched a few youtube-videos and saw someone mention intersting shapes, and demonstrate how he copied an interesting detail from a photo of a roof. I found the words "interesting shape" intriguing, and wandered the streets trying to find some simple and interesting shapes to draw: https://www.artstation.com/artwork/eaPaBD

OK, let's make that a triple post then. @Idon'tknow. I told you before, that I find your questions always quite deep and worthy to consider. And the reason for that is, that your problems heavily resonate with me. I sometimes base parts of my answers on assumptions, which can in itself be considered quite transgressive and impolite, but I want to assure you, I am not attempting to pathologize you, and I am not trying to psychoanalyse you through the screen. Things is, I feel a lot of resonance within myself to the worries and problems you express, and I think that they are indeed tied to the general process of producing art, and likely shared to some extent by all artists. Just, you seem to to experience these specific problems more pronounced than other people, which gives you the courage to repeatedly raise them to debate in public.

I have yet another suggestion for what you could try to overcome the problem, this time tied a lot closer to the specific topic, of "how to break subjects down into simpler shapes and how to make my shapes more interesting and dynamic".

One more assumption, I am sorry, but, since you spend a lot of time and effort into becoming a better artist, it seems quite safe to assume that you know the experience of just looking at something, and becoming aware, that it is beautiful. This basic experience is the key to understanding how to assess and apply all that theory. And, becoming aware that something looks beautiful is, like a lot of other stuff you practised, basically a trainable skill. So, the suggestion, start a drawing session with references equaly timed at 5 minutes or so. Don't touch a pen, just look at a reference and try to decide IF you find it beautiful and WHAT makes it beautiful. When you have come to a conclusion, use the forward button to skip to the next reference.

If you spend more time looking at things, and contemplating, THAT they are beautiful, in a practicing artist like yourself, this will eventually trigger the curiosity to understand, WHY they appear beautiful to you, and how you could best express that beauty to other people. Now, beauty can be expressed in words, but unless you are a poet, your words will likely be to bland and boring to truely show that beauty to other people. As an artist, the natural instinct is to take a pen and piece of paper, and draw that beauty.
To discover, that idea to be harder than it appears at first thought. And go look for instructions. But frankly telling someone how to draw is like telling someone how to drive a bike: hard to put into words, even for the best teachers.
The techniques that can be taught all start from the premise, that the artist already sees something beautiful and wants to share it. Gesture, composition, the study of perspective and of shapes, these are all just attempts to describe beauty in a way that is practically useful. If you worry so much about understanding this concepts, that you lose sight of your own intuition of beauty, they become impossible to understand and apply correctly.

Finding the simplest interesting shape isn't a problem of geometry, it's first of all a problem of self observation, phenomenology, if you want. If you look at something, while experiencing beauty, which shapes is your attention drawn to? Teachers, tutorials and instructions can give general guidelines what attributes such shapes can generally have, either universally, or within our shared cultural tradition, like symmetry, clear asymmetry, simplicity, etc.... but if you try to interprete such an instruction without keeping in mind, that it is just a suggestion for you how to express the beauty you experience, than you won't understand it. If your result looks less beautiful to you than before, than either you got something wrong, or the instruction is just wrong for you, and you should try another.

A final word about proko courses: you don't have to pay anything for any of his basic courses, and they are generally complete in conveying the idea. Indeed, if you pay for the premium course, you might be dissapointed, how little extra you get for that. It's basically like a "buy me a coffee" button or a patronage fee, which just gives a few extra perks to show gratitude, only that stan apparently isn't interested in administering 5 bucks at a time.
If you find something interesting, but are short on money, just do the basic course for free.

A follow up suggestion, to make it ultimately easier for you to execute that first instruction. From your forum posts so far, I am almost certain, that you picked up a really bad habit: once you have finished a piece or a lesson, you most likely look at it, judge your result, search all the possible flaws and spiral into desperation about how you failed yet again to improve even the slightest bit.

You should conciously practice to break that habit. When you have finished a piece or a lesson, make an effort to find everything that went right, every idea you started with, that now shows in the result, every aspect of the drawing, that you do like, everything you managed to do better than in previous attempts.

Be fair to yourself and your circumstances, if you otherwise had a horrible day, you can't be surprised, that you didn't produce peek results, instead congratulate yourself to have found the strength to repeat practicing anyways.

Say that stuff out loud, or even better, write it down, to make sure it gets rooted in your memory. Do that every time you finish either a lengthy piece or a daily practice session, until it becomes routine.

If you find it hard to be kind to yourself and your own results, you can practice that by giving feedback to others. Look at their results, find anything you can possibly like or recommend about it, and tell them first, even if their skills are way less developed than yours. Don't focus on spotting flaws, or pointing out what went wrong, unless you see a simple and practical way, they could easily improve some aspect of their drawing. If you do, explain it kindly, after you are done mentioning everything that is already good in their attempt.

Idon'tknow, I think your problem at this point isn't, that you know too little about drawing theory or that you have to watch yet another instruction video. The problem is, that you misunderstand what theory can do for you, and that you are stuck to it like to holy scripture.

I have seen you post quite a lot over time, including the results of entire sessions. I remember one session you posted. Most of your results where extremely simplified, and frankly a bit boring as a result, but there were a few, where you seemed to have slipped up, and veered away from sticking extremely close to any instructions, and those were a league above the rest in quality, but with handwritten comments almost excusing yourself for their existence.

You try to read drawing theory like an algorithm, just a long and complicated series of simple commands, that you have to learn by heart and then faithfully execute to reproduce the intended outcome. That is not how it works.

Drawing theory is just there to point you towards relationships between lines and forms and what-have you, that you might otherwise miss. The repeated practices you do are not a mystical ritual, that will some times in the future allow you to press a button, raise a numerical stat inside you, and thereby grant you access to the follow-up set of instruction for advanced characters. The reason you repeat that stuff so often is, to make it come automatically while drawing, without having to think about it.

Here is one instruction from me to you, but I am afraid, given what I have seen so far about your relationship to yourself, you might find it hard, almost impossible to follow. Chose one subject that you really find beautiful, and just try to draw it as good as you can. DON'T try to apply anything you learned or read or seen, don't put yourself under pressure of timing or how to "correctly" simplify stuff or anything, just be confident and focus on the drawing itself. If you become unsure, whether you have done something right or wrong, don't fret about redoing it or anything, just accept it for the time being as what it is and continue developing the drawing from there on. If you feel like your drawing doesn't look close enough to your initial idea, don't fret about it, accept your preliminary results and continue working from them as best as you can, until you feel the piece is finished.

The amount of time you have spent consuming theory, analyzing theory, doing repetitive practice to hone your skills according to theory, it has already taken root and shows results. Stop panicking about whether you draw correctly or wrong, just draw, and your experience will show anyways, you don't have to constantly monitor yourself, to make sure you keep injecting enough of it into your process, or to repeatedly judge every mark you have put on paper to prevent yourself from heretically deviating from orthodoxy.-

You did a good job sticking to the tutorial. Trying to apply someone else's ideas to your own drawings helps you find new eyes for drawing, and begin to formulate new ideas about how your drawings work. And yepp, gesture drawing lessons are a bit of a riddle, as if you look at different teachers, they all propose different approaches and priorities, but still have something intangible in common.

As a self-taught artist, you'll never get as much feedback or firm orientation as you would like to have. You just select one thing and stick to it, and watch yourself to understand what changes. Sometimes you will experience rapid and satisfying improvements, at other times you will feel like you are stagnating, or even feel like your skills diminish, because doubts about what you have thought about establshed rules come about and challenge your confidence.

To me the 30 seconds/1 minute/5 minute/10 minute split of LoA's lessons feels like a setup for experimentation. You develop a foundation basically in the first minute, but the 30 second split forces you to develop it as a sequential process. "So, I will always observe/measure/focus this first, then this second to build the foundation" And then the 5 minute pieces are the proof of concept, where you discover what worked and what did not work.

OK, first one, and I don't know how important that is for you, but what you are doing is more a mix of gesture and form than pure gesture study. I do the same, so that isn't a horrible flaw, just an observation and a bit of nitpicking about language. A purely gestural analysis would be an almost exclusively linear study of the tensions and balance in the figure. Which in a puristic form often doesn't even look so good, because it doesn't convey form or perspective. If you are interested in separating gesture and form, Michael Hampton does it a lot, but be warned, he also purposefully deviates a lot from observation, and his results seem sometimes rather losely inspired by reference than drawn from reference.

A very specific point on the kneeling male figure in the second image, and that is about the position of the head. It is quite distinctly above the shoulders, which looks awkward. This specific model, and others with that body type, often has his head sitting rather low between the shoulders, with the neck more diagonal or even leaning towards horizontal rather than straigt up vertical, and the face extended forward over the chest. I also think you drew the hip too high, shortening the upper body and giving the legs a strange rabbit-like tension.

The trick with the videos is mostly to chose documentaries or video essays, that you don't have to watch. You mostly listen to people talking about various things, either stuff that interests you, or stuff that doesn't actually interest you a lot, but is beautifully said, like a lot of video essays on contemporary art and/or philosophy. I mentioned looking at AI-images of Psytrance videos, but that is only, when I do repeated lessons over several hours, and then the looking happens only in the breaks between those lessons.

Well, your solution IS quite accurate. As is your observation, that youtube tutorials tend to use references that make it easy to apply the technique the makers want to demonstrate.

I think the answer is, if you are most interested in a perspective depiction of, in this example, a hip that is almost vertical to your point of view, then the stickman method isn't the perfect tool. You CAN still use it, and I actually think you got the most out of it in that instance, it just won't produce a very satisfying result (as witnessed by the fact, that you express your dissatisfaction). Tools have limits, and you can push those limits a bit with a lot of practice, but you can't make them disappear.

You are "supposed to draw" it to best encapsulate your desired artistic effect, and if one tool doesn't cut it, switch to another tool.

Frankly, your lines do actually decently indicate volume. Which makes it a bit hard to come up with the one silver bullet tip, that is guaranteed to blow you to the next level.

The big youtubers always push towards more simplification, although I must say, it drives a tear into my eyes to ignore for example Jorges neat muscle contours to achieve it. In case you need a reminder, here is a very short clip, that lists 3-D primitives for mannequinization:



I while ago proko had this idea to completely express a pose (sans limbs) with only a box for the hip, a box for the chest and a box for the head. Sounded silly at first to me, but when I tried it out it indeed gave me some more insights about the orientation of the masses. You might want to try it, too.

As far as I have understood the idea, the way this simplification stuff "adds volume" isn't about changing so much about the lines you are currently producing when drawing from reference (apart from simplifying them and thus losing a lot of detail), it is more a preparation to go beyond the reference and allow a basis for manipulation. Like in, draw a pose simplified enough that you can reproduce the same pose, but from a different angle. And that is actually painfully hard.

As I said, your questions are always insightful and complex. It is not easy to find answers to them, that satisfy myself. But let me try another approach:

I think part of not producing "wasted" lines is to just accept your decision to draw a line as final.

Drawing process:

1. You look at the reference and decide upon the line with which you want to start

2. You measure and draw it as good as you can

3. You look at the reference again, and decide which is your next line

4. You measure where it will fit on your existing drawing and draw it as good as you can.

5. Return to step 3, until either the time runs out, or you decide, that it is OK to stop drawing.

Step 4 can be somewhat critical. It CAN happen, that while you look at your drawing, you realize, that your next line does not fit neatly, because you made a minor or major mistake in your prior lines. If it was a minor mistake, you can fudge your next line a bit to still make it fit and make the mistake a bit less obvious. This WILL off course impact the final effect of the drawing a bit, but a minor flaw in an otherwise well made drawing doesn't ruin everything, it is just a bit of extra character. If it was a major mistake, and you really see no way forward for the drawing, well, sh** happens. Maybe it's time to just start a new drawing.

What Step 4 shouldn't do is reevaluating all the lines you already drew. They are there now, they are just what you have to live with to continue your drawing. If you go back and try to draw all of them better, then you are certainly going to produce a lot of wasted lines, and it is unlikely those new lines will turn out decisively better.

In Step 3 on the other hand, deciding where the line should go, there are two possible approaches. I personally prefer to draw with deep black ink, and I make the decision where to put the next line entirely from my visual experience. This isn't the only way to do it, though.

A lot of draftspeople, and amongst them really experienced and accomplished artists, DO draw with searching lines. Those aren't "wasted" lines. They try out a few possible lines on paper (or screen), before they decide which line they want to keep. On paper, this is done by drawing those lines very lightly, and then, when the decision is final, drawing a very strong and dark line over them. (Digitally it is even easier, as they just draw the searching lines on a different lair, which they then just erase after they made their decision).

This is another way to come to the decision which line to continue with, it just delays the decision process a bit. It leaves a few traces of searching lines, but those aren't wasted lines. They had their purpose, and the artist clearly prepared for it, and the contrast between light searching line and strong final line proofs that purpose, and still leaves the final result look intentional and clean. Searching lines don't change the fact, that the decision, once made, is final. Once the decision is made, you live with it, and don't constantly go back and critique all your prior lines while drawing, or you will never get the drawing done and produce a metric ton of wasted lines.

I got a bit of experience playing trombone in a jazz quartett a long time ago, and playing an instrument, you can never take back the tone you just played. But if it sounded strange, you can either blush in embarrasment, or make the next tone sound even stranger, and thereby pretend to the audience that you made the first tone sound strange on purpose, because you are a total musical genius. And just sticking with what you already did is what produces the better result in regards to convincing the audience.

So, one way to avoid wasted lines is to just make sure, that you pick up all the lines you already drew and try to run with them. And if it still doesn't work out, well it's a short sketch, you'll have better luck on your next sketch.

....and do you feel it impacts your results?

I have tried so far popmusic from the 80s/90s, punkmusic from the 80s/90s (because I am old), but found, that if the rhythm draws me in too much, it does impact my lines quite a bit. It can actually give shorter drawings a bit of extra spice, but makes it hard to keep up enough precision to develop longer pieces.

Then I tried out a few of the tunes that label themselves as "healing frequency" or something. For a few hours they gave me more intensity, but the effect vanished. "Psytrance" worked a bit longer, especially because they got their videos filled with flickering AI art, that I can look at for a while, when I am tired from drawing, and then leave again without feeling I miss something.

Podcasts and youtube essays seem quite neutral. They just drone out the traffic noise and sounds from the neighbors, but neither inspire nor disturb me.

I found OST from videogames works well. "Disco Elysium" was great for a while. A quiet and contemplative atmosphere, without ever getting too much into my thoughts.

What do you folks listen to, and what does it for you?

I like the strong outlines, gives the drawings a bit of a graphic novel/manga style. I don't have specific critique about your anatomy. Looks convincing to me, and you handled the change in proportions from adults to kids well.

M a y b e the shoulders look a bit stiff, especially on the upper two pics. I think the folds from the fabrique interfere with the shoulders and neck a bit too much and thus make the anatomy confusing.